This paper examines some of the questioning procedures commonly used in leisure time activities. The likely pitfalls and biases are discussed and suggestions are made on how to avoid and minimize the possibility of their occurrence. Various sampling designs particularly useful in activity studies are examined from the point of view of obtaining maximum statistical efficiency, taking into account both administrative and response error considerations.
This paper presents the results of a research centred on the process of decision making in the act of buying children's 'clothing (under 16's) at its different stages (from the "idea" to the con te implementation of the purchase), in 1971 in France. This investigation allows the factors influencing the decision making to be assessed.
This paper presents the results of a research centred on the process of decision making in the act of buying children's 'clothing (under 16's) at its different stages (from the "idea" to the con te implementation of the purchase), in 1971 in France. This investigation allows the factors influencing the decision making to be assessed.
Market research can provide substantial help in formulating the editorial policy of newspapers and magazines, and yet very little has ever been published on this subject. It is impossible to do justice to such a broad topic in a single paper, but hopefully a useful contribution has been made. This paper discusses some of the problems involved and some of the techniques available and describes a large research study undertaken for The Times and the Sunday Times, with examples of some of the results which were of editorial use.
The paper commences with a brief discussion of the factors which influence the use of multidimensional techniques in market segmentation studies, and the required conditions for successful use of them. An example is quoted from the magazine field, where a study, limited in objectives after substantial discussion, indicated clearly market opportunities and product form. The merits of non-metric multidimensional scaling are then discussed, together with major disadvantages, and examples given of the application of this technique to specified marketing problems.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the images of the new American subcompacts - Pinto, Vega, Gremlin - as perceived by a cross-section of college students and newlyweds. These images were compared and contrasted with those of the more popular imported competitors - Volkswagen Super Beetle, Datsun 1600, Toyota Corolla and Opel Kadett. Ford's Maverick, a true compact. was also included in the study in order to evaluate perceptual differences between the Maverick and the Pinto.
The objective of this paper is to explain the principles of several analytical methods (Part 2) and how they can be used (Part 3), as shown by the last two years of experience with Programs for Structuring Data (P.S.D.) that are available on the computers of the Group METRA (S.I.A.). A hypothetical example will serve to introduce the problem (Part 1).
The objective of this paper is to explain the principles of several analytical methods (Part 2) and how they can be used (Part 3), as shown by the last two years of experience with Programs for Structuring Data (P.S.D.) that are available on the computers of the Group METRA (S.I.A.). A hypothetical example will serve to introduce the problem (Part 1).
The need for further research into purchase decision making in industrial markets is widely acknowledged. Tor marketing techniques to be effective, the decision makers must be identified and their roles and the criteria they use understood. But in practice marketing decisions are often based on certain generalised assumptions about the purchasing process. The paper briefly discusses the main conclusions of such studies and their implications for marketing and communications. After discussing the difficulties inherent in any investigation of purchase decision-making, the "case history" approach to the task is then described: this is essentially an attempt to gain a qualitative understanding of vision-making in a particular market by exhaustive investigations of a small sample of specific purchasing instances. An account of one such case history study is then given: the marketing considerations which lead to the study are summarised, and the course of the study and the principles on which it proceeded are described. The findings of the study and their relevance to marketing and advertising planning are then outlined. Finally the methodological problems encountered and the inherent limitations of the case history approach are discussed.
The paper points out some reasons for the contrasts between agricultural and commercial market research. Because of the relatively small size of agricultural firms these are in general not in a position to carry out market research of their own. With few exceptions this is true also with respect to trading and processing firms in the agricultural sector. On the other hand there is a need for market research not only in the interest of producers but also for purposes of economic policy and consumer information. Agricultural market research, therefore, predominantly is financed by public expenditures. Given this situation agricultural market research shows some unique features with respect to research objectives and impact of research findings. It is recommended to distinguish direct and indirect effects of the research work.
Taking into account the evolution of distribution the function of the package has progressed from its original role of protecting the product to the more complex one of conveying its image . Therefore at present, our chief preoccupations in packaging (research are the following: -to take into account all the criteria that allow us to decide whether or not a package is good; -not to undertake experiments that might prove too long or too costly; -to approach as much as possible the actual conditions the package will have to exist in. For almost 10 years now, the packaging department of IRSEC has been working at developing methods that would fulfil these three requirements. A few years ago the SOPALIN Company decided to change the package of one of their products, KOTEX sanitary pads.