This paper addresses the growth of private labels from the perspective of the Middle East and finds the rising equity of private labels in the Middle East and Africa presents the research industry with new opportunities for growth and profitability.
The pharmaceutical industry follows a model where product brands stand alone and the company is not strongly linked to any specific prescription brand. This allows potential corporate protection should a leading brand have PR issues around a drug. This presentation describes research assessing the future relationship between pharmaceutical companies and brands in terms of the corporate equity that manufacturers bring to the drug. Our hypothesis considers if this might change because of the increased exposure of marketing and medical education directly to patients, resulting in increased marketing spend at brand level. However, increased cost control and the need to minimise budgets may cause change. We explore whether pharmaceutical companies have corporate equity today, using technology combined with creative research to aid insight, and we test how fast one could understand corporate equity in a crisis.
This paper presents an analysis of brand value with a focus on global brands present in Latin American countries and is based on the hypothesis that for the vast majority of product and service categories brand value might be defined as a regional phenomenon and as such influenced by each markets expectations and peculiarities as determined by the competitive context of the existing brands as well as the stage of development of that particular product category. As brand equity evaluation is a good measure for assessing brand value as perceived by consumers the project set out to measure the importance of the various aspects in the construction of brand equity for two product categories as well as measuring equity rates for international brands operating in these industries. The research project evaluated brand equity of international brands in two product categories (credit cards and automobiles) in four Latin American countries (Argentina Brazil Chile and Colombia).
This paper presents an analysis of brand value with a focus on global brands present in Latin American countries and is based on the hypothesis that for the vast majority of product and service categories brand value might be defined as a regional phenomenon and as such influenced by each markets expectations and peculiarities as determined by the competitive context of the existing brands as well as the stage of development of that particular product category. As brand equity evaluation is a good measure for assessing brand value as perceived by consumers the project set out to measure the importance of the various aspects in the construction of brand equity for two product categories as well as measuring equity rates for international brands operating in these industries. The research project evaluated brand equity of international brands in two product categories (credit cards and automobiles) in four Latin American countries (Argentina Brazil Chile and Colombia).
This paper aims to support the proposition that the key to understanding a brand's equity or value lies in examining its ability to retain profitable committed customers while attracting similarly profitable non-customers. This proposition is supported by case histories including work which has been done to link the measured value of customers (spend) with their measured probability of retention (via longitudinal calibration of research data) to extrapolate a TRUE measure of lifetime value. In so doing the paper examines some of the many debates on brand equity (Ehrenberg Feld wick et al) and offers a view on how research can be used to summarise the relative strength (or equity) of different brands and the implications for potential market growth or decline.
This paper examines the applicability of a Western-derived model of brand equity measurement to Asia/Pacific cultures, with reference to a large-scale validation exercise - both qualitative and quantitative. The authors demonstrate that the overall branding model - taking account of both the softer side of branding (Yin) and the harder performance/functional issues (Yang) - is equally applicable to Western and Eastern cultures, although the attributes that are used to describe each element of the model need to be tailored to each culture.
This paper looks at the changing environment of brand research and assesses the implications for exploring brand equity quantitatively within the context of brands of similar status outside the immediate product area within the retail environment and also in use.
Loyal buyers are direct contributors to brand equity. As brand image can explain the reasons for strong brand equity with choice modelling, so can it explain the reasons for the 'superpreference' exhibited by the loyal subgroup. Not only do superpreferers consequently rate their loyal brand far higher in image, but they have higher expectations and a different motivation. Benefits that motivate the loyal segment, however, should not be assumed to be motivating to new or marginal buyers: the latter have their own agenda which is usually different to the loyals. Relatively high numbers of loyal superpreferers can exist even for small brands, probably where there is a unique offering that makes it a niche brand. With an attitudinal measure of loyalty it is possible to track the reasons for changing loyalty within overall brand equity. With experience this can reveal aspects of motivation that behavioural loyalty cannot. Loyalty-building is a long-term activity that depends on getting all elements of the marketing mix right to achieve a 'superpreference' - everywhere and always consistent and so building the rich network of associations that make for the durable image.
This paper looks at the role of forward-looking trend research and analysis in helping to protect the cool equity and youth credibility of the Levis ® brand. From the start point of qualitative research, it examines the importance of instinct and intuition in looking beyond immediate category competitors of the Levi © brand, to understand the potential pressure on the brands share of cool mind from a variety of youth brands. It concludes by illustrating how Levi Strauss & Co. has used this learning to retain its dominant position in the youth marketplace.
The paper reviews three distinct meanings of the expression 'Brand Equity': financial valuation of a brand, a consumer measure of 'brand strength', or a description of a brand's associations and attributes. These are separate concepts and the relationship between them is not simple. Various approaches to measuring consumer 'brand strength' are reviewed. A number of different performance measures can be used to evaluate and manage a brand but attempts to reduce these to a single number are artificial. The expression 'brand equity' is confusing and could be dispensed with.
The subject of brand extensions is looked at and, in particular, the idea of 'brand stretching', in order to answer the question, "How far can a mother brand stretch, by extending itself within and across brand categories and sub-categories?" The work of David Aaker, a major contributor to the whole area of brand equity is discussed in detail, and some of Aaker's ideas have been developed in order to establish a practical method for determining the 'fit' (Aaker) between a mother brand and the object of its intended extension. An approach to measuring fit, using an implicit model of personality, was employed to show (a) whether 'brands' of banks present in Turkey would be able to successfully stretch into different financial services; and (b) whether different brands of milk could stretch into other milk- based product categories. The amount of data generated from this R & D study was enormous and only a small number of examples can be discussed. In the case of financial services, automatic teller machines are looked at to see if bank brands could stretch into providing an Automatic Teller Machine service. In the case of milk-based products, butter and margarine are considered.