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Research papers

The television audience examined

People use television in different ways and for different reasons. The variable use of television makes audience measurement challenging. The principles of measurement dictate that subjects which have a particular property should be included in a...

Catalogue: ESORMAR/ARF Worldwide Electronic And Broadcast Audience Research 1994
Author: Maura Clancey
May 1, 1994
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Citation

Clancey, M. (1994a, May 01). The television audience examined. ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved August 04, 2025, from


https://ana.esomar.org/documents/the-television-audience-examined


Research papers

TV audience measurement

The paper discusses the needs of the advertisers from media research in the dramatically changed TV environment many expect to happen already in the next few years. The key change of the TV medium will be fragmentation caused by a multi-channel...

Catalogue: ESORMAR/ARF Worldwide Electronic And Broadcast Audience Research 1994
Author: Thomas Neumann
May 1, 1994
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Citation

Neumann, T. (1994a, May 01). TV audience measurement. ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved August 04, 2025, from


https://ana.esomar.org/documents/tv-audience-measurement


Research papers

UK radio

This paper begins by describing the development and methodology of RAJAR - the UK's first jointly agreed audience research system for radio, setting this in the context of the structure and needs of the two broadcast sectors - BBC and commercial. It...

Catalogue: ESORMAR/ARF Worldwide Electronic And Broadcast Audience Research 1994
Author: Roger Gane
May 1, 1994
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Citation

Gane, R. (1994a, May 01). UK radio. ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved August 04, 2025, from


https://ana.esomar.org/documents/uk-radio


Research papers

The program content dimensions of the technology-involved consumer

We undertook an extensive analysis of 1993 MRI Doublebase data to establish and define the factors which best describe the program content dimensions of the technology-involved consumer. This is a target group which we tend to refer to as...

Catalogue: ESORMAR/ARF Worldwide Electronic And Broadcast Audience Research 1994
Author: Craig T. Gugel
May 1, 1994
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Citation

Gugel, C. T. (1994a, May 01). The program content dimensions of the technology-involved consumer. ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved August 04, 2025, from


https://ana.esomar.org/documents/the-program-content-dimensions-of-the-technology-involved-consumer


Research papers

American public television in the 500 channel environment: A discussion of current research

Everyday, it seems, we hear new prognostications about what the information super highway, the 500 channel environment and interactive digital compressed optical fiber portend for the future of broadcasting. American Public Television went through a...

Catalogue: ESORMAR/ARF Worldwide Electronic And Broadcast Audience Research 1994
Authors: David J. Leroy, Barbara I. Gordon, Patricia A. Harris
May 1, 1994
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Citation

Leroy, Gordon and Harris (1994a, May 01). American public television in the 500 channel environment: A discussion of current research. ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved August 04, 2025, from


https://ana.esomar.org/documents/american-public-television-in-the-500-channel-environment-a-discussion-of-current-research


Research papers

Exploding the myth of the middle-aged market

In the last few years, the natural evolution of the post World War II "Baby Boom" generation has accounted for the explosion of the 25-54 and 35-64 key media age buying groups in the United States. This significant shifting of the "epicenter" of mass...

Catalogue: ESORMAR/ARF Worldwide Electronic And Broadcast Audience Research 1994
Author: Thomas F. Delaney
May 1, 1994
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Citation

Delaney, T. F. (1994a, May 01). Exploding the myth of the middle-aged market. ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved August 04, 2025, from


https://ana.esomar.org/documents/exploding-the-myth-of-the-middle-aged-market


Research papers

Measuring the effectiveness of twin commercials as a way of standing out amidst the clutter

Twin Commercials are rapidly becoming popular in the Netherlands as a way of coping with clutter. A theoretical framework justifying the use of Twin Commercials hardly exists. What is really needed is research into the effect of repetition within...

Catalogue: ESORMAR/ARF Worldwide Electronic And Broadcast Audience Research 1994
Author: John H. Faasse
May 1, 1994
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Citation

Faasse, J. H. (1994a, May 01). Measuring the effectiveness of twin commercials as a way of standing out amidst the clutter. ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved August 04, 2025, from


https://ana.esomar.org/documents/measuring-the-effectiveness-of-twin-commercials-as-a-way-of-standing-out-amidst-the-clutter


Research papers

Phasing in a new rating methodology

In February 1992 Nielsen Media Research announced a change in the existing People Meter methodology: specialists (called People Meter Representatives, or PMRs) were to be added to the field force to provide intensified training in the use of the...

Catalogue: ESORMAR/ARF Worldwide Electronic And Broadcast Audience Research 1994
Author: Barry Cook
Company: Nielsen
May 1, 1994
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Citation

Cook, B. (1994a, May 01). Phasing in a new rating methodology. ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved August 04, 2025, from


https://ana.esomar.org/documents/phasing-in-a-new-rating-methodology


Research papers

Who is really watching the commercials?

TV research does not measure peoples' actual contact with advertisements but rather the "opportunity to see" commercials. This paper addresses this issue and looks at various factors which may affect the chances of an opportunity actually being...

Catalogue: ESORMAR/ARF Worldwide Electronic And Broadcast Audience Research 1994
Author: Phil Gullen
May 1, 1994
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Citation

Gullen, P. (1994a, May 01). Who is really watching the commercials?. ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved August 04, 2025, from


https://ana.esomar.org/documents/who-is-really-watching-the-commercials-