Using Environicsâ global database resulting from its 1998 International Environmental Monitor survey (involving over 30 interviews across thirty countries representing 68% of the world's population) the authors undertook a segmentation analysis of the worldâs people based on their environmental attitudes and concerns. This paper presents the major findings of this attitudinal segmentation and includes a technical appendix followed by a list of participating research institutes.
The paper takes a case study of the potential introduction of a new agricultural technology. It considers the introduction and marketing strategy for transgenic herbicide resistance, one of the first widespread applications of genetically modified organisms to be introduced into Europe. We are about two years away from the launch of such technology across the EU. After probably ten years of research, market availability of plant varieties carrying a modified gene which confers specific resistance to a particular herbicide is imminent. The technology promises considerable economic advantages to the farmer and could radically change both the seed and agrochemical markets in Europe. The research scientists working on the technique are convinced of its value to agriculture. Others are not so sure. The words "genetic engineering" strike a concerned note amongst consumers. There are emotive reactions and there are more genuine anxieties about the longer term effects on the environment and health. Some would have all foods derived from Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) labelled accordingly. These public concerns are leading legislators and policy makers to put several administrative or legal hurdles in front of the technology before full approval for marketing.
This paper will identify possible environmental policies aiming to reduce agricultural pollution and how they will affect farming decisions. Specifically, emphasis will be put on the impacts of those policies in combination with the CAP-reform on the way farmers will use production inputs induced by different incentives schemes. Although these questions are rather political, they do influence both the forward and backward economic linkages of the agricultural activities. Input industries must be aware not only of the policies, but need to trace how farmers change their behaviour accordingly. Empirical results will be used to illustrate how different policies shift the production systems and how these ultimately affect input use. In particular, preliminary results obtained from research carried out in Spain and in France will be posed as examples of those trends. The paper finishes with a set of recommendations extensive to the input industries operating in the newly regulated agriculture.
The environment has not been deliberately destroyed in war at such a scale as in the war over Kuwait. Before withdrawing from Kuwait, the Iraqi troops for no strategic or tactical benefits, spilled, over a period of ten days in January 1991 between 06-Nov million barrels of oil from storage tanks, loading terminals and tankers in and around Kuwait. The environmental situation was further aggravated by the detonation of over 900 oil wells and related installations before withdrawal.
In this paper we will present some results of several studies carried out in Denmark in which different versions of an indicator for environmental concern were used. These results allow to analyse the relationships between different aspects of environmental concern. But, and here lies the primary objective of this paper, they also illustrate the difficulty of measuring environmental concern in a reliable and valid way, given respondents' contradictory answers and disappointingly low knowledge as well as often weak relationships between environmental concern and self-reported behaviour. The interest in this mainly methodological approach is a result of the observed discrepancy between attitudes, intentions, and behaviour: 83% of the respondents in a recently published survey in Denmark claimed to be willing to buy environmentally ethic products (Politiken 1990). But only 2% of the Danish population do so consequently with regard to, e.g., organic foods. And this observation does not seem to be unique for Denmark. After some introductory remarks, the theoretical conceptualization and substantive operationalization of environmental concern is described in section 2 of the paper. The different dimensions and their relationships to each other will be briefly explained. Section 3 is devoted to empirical results from several surveys in Denmark and will discuss the typical difficulties one seems inevitably confronted with in parsimonious survey research on environmental concern. Section 4 concludes with a discussion of the findings and an outlook on the need for further research and refinement of measurement instruments.
The paper illustrates and discusses the impact of an environmental crisis the appearance of an algal blooms in the Adriatic sea during the summer of 1989 on tourist attitudes and behaviours. The tourism basin involved Italy's Emilia-Romagna Riviera is one of the world's most important. The environmental crisis provided an opportunity for evaluating the sensitivity of tourists to environmental issues and for identifying this tourism system's demand segments and the relevant marketing implications. The findings of a survey conducted in August 1989 on a sample of 823 vacationers along the Emilia-Romagna Riviera are reported. The vacationers were asked to indicate the importance of various seaside holiday activities. The ensuing results were factor analyzed and generated Expectability and Sensualism as the two major factors. A cluster analysis was subsequently performed on the basis of the individuals' factor scores and produced five demand segments with respect to seaside holiday-lifestyle. On the basis of vacationers' holiday lifestyles and relevant socio-demographic traits, the paper examines why they decided to visit the Riviera despite the environmental crisis, what changes in daily leisure activities ensued from the presence of algae, how they judged their holiday and the algae emergency, and what kind of impact the algae had on their vacation. It is shown that reaction to the environmental crisis differs remarkably according to seaside holiday-lifestyle and selected socio-demographic traits. The tourist target groups most immune to the algae phenomenon comprised the extreme age groups: younger tourists privilege the infrastructural, urban aspects of the tourism context, whereas the older value factors related to the creation of social bonds and a reassuring, predictable atmosphere. Vice versa, the tourists which expressd greatest sensitivity to the algae phenomenon were foreigners, members of central age groups and people with relatively high social status. The marketing and research implications of the findings are discussed.
Over the past decade citizens' action groups and initiatives in areas such as disarmament or environmental protection have made increasingly clear how important the power of public opinion is. On the subject of ecology, more than any other, we are witnessing a worldwide change in attitudes. This will significantly affect the way people think, not only with respect to their personal lives but also in economic terms, in their roles as producers or consumers and it will influence their political attitudes and behavior. Why is survey research becoming an increasingly popular tool even in the field of journalism? The reason is that it is impossible to capture the trends and shifts in the climate of public opinion without survey research. Regular and systematic probes into the climate of opinion open the way to a new kind of precision journalism. German magazines such as NATUR, CAPITAL and QUICK have cooperated with the Institut fiir Demoskopie Allensbach in designing projects in journalism that have become an integral part of their issues. This paper will describe the conception behind, initial experience with and results of this cooperative venture between journalism and survey research from two points of view; from the perspective of survey research and from the perspective of the editorial staff of the environmental magazine NATUR.
Over the past decade citizens' action groups and initiatives in areas such as disarmament or environmental protection have made increasingly clear how important the power of public opinion is. On the subject of ecology, more than any other, we are witnessing a worldwide change in attitudes. This will significantly affect the way people think, not only with respect to their personal lives but also in economic terms, in their roles as producers or consumers and it will influence their political attitudes and behavior. Why is survey research becoming an increasingly popular tool even in the field of journalism? The reason is that it is impossible to capture the trends and shifts in the climate of public opinion without survey research. Regular and systematic probes into the climate of opinion open the way to a new kind of precision journalism. German magazines such as NATUR, CAPITAL and QUICK have cooperated with the Institut fiir Demoskopie Allensbach in designing projects in journalism that have become an integral part of their issues. This paper will describe the conception behind, initial experience with and results of this cooperative venture between journalism and survey research from two points of view; from the perspective of survey research and from the perspective of the editorial staff of the environmental magazine NATUR.
This report shows the image position of industry in the Austrian population by quantitative research representative for people up from 14 years. Research program covers spontaneous associations to the stimulus "industry", advantages and disadvantages of industry and improving the share of industry in the economy, image profile by rating a semantic profile, comparing validity of items for three different size classes of companies (large companies image can be identified with industry image) and the relevance of pollution factors and their link with industry.