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Research papers

Theory and application of multivariate methods (dependence)

In our data matrix we have one variable of particular interest and we wish to see how it is affected by movements in a single explanatory variable. For example, the variable we might be interested in is Sales in £mn and we may wish to know how it...

Catalogue: ESOMAR Teach-In Seminar 1995: All You Ever Wanted To Know About Sampling, Statistics And Questionnaires
Author: Paul Harris
February 14, 1995
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Citation

Harris, P. (1995a, February 14). Theory and application of multivariate methods (dependence). ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved April 03, 2026, from


https://ana.esomar.org/documents/theory-and-application-of-multivariate-methods-dependence-


Research papers

Layout, format and order of questions

Questions may be presented as open-ended, dichotomous or multiple choice. Which Is the best format? This depends very much on the aim of the particular question, for instance whether you are looking for as wide a range of responses as possible, or...

Catalogue: ESOMAR Teach-In Seminar 1995: All You Ever Wanted To Know About Sampling, Statistics And Questionnaires
Author: Jack Hamilton
February 14, 1995
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Citation

Hamilton, J. (1995a, February 14). Layout, format and order of questions . ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved April 03, 2026, from


https://ana.esomar.org/documents/layout-format-and-order-of-questions-


Research papers

How to ask a question and what to avoid

Questionnaire design must be regarded as one of the most critical phases of a market research survey because if the required information is not covered adequately or if the questions are not asked properly then no amount of clever interviewing or...

Catalogue: ESOMAR Teach-In Seminar 1995: All You Ever Wanted To Know About Sampling, Statistics And Questionnaires
Author: Jack Hamilton
February 14, 1995
×

Citation

Hamilton, J. (1995a, February 14). How to ask a question and what to avoid. ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved April 03, 2026, from


https://ana.esomar.org/documents/how-to-ask-a-question-and-what-to-avoid


Research papers

Cluster analysis

Clustering normally operates on the rows of the data matrix. It seeks to find groupings or clusters of respondents who exhibit similar patterns in terms of the variables measured.

Catalogue: ESOMAR Teach-In Seminar 1995: All You Ever Wanted To Know About Sampling, Statistics And Questionnaires
Author: Paul Harris
February 14, 1995
×

Citation

Harris, P. (1995a, February 14). Cluster analysis. ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved April 03, 2026, from


https://ana.esomar.org/documents/cluster-analysis


Research papers

Random VS quota sampling methods

In survey research it is very rare for all respondents in a given population to be interviewed. We usually take a sample of that population. The reason why we can do this is because a sample can give us, not necessarily the accuracy of a census (or...

Catalogue: ESOMAR Teach-In Seminar 1995: All You Ever Wanted To Know About Sampling, Statistics And Questionnaires
Author: Paul Harris
February 14, 1995
×

Citation

Harris, P. (1995a, February 14). Random VS quota sampling methods. ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved April 03, 2026, from


https://ana.esomar.org/documents/random-vs-quota-sampling-methods


Research papers

Sampling errors

In this and the following paper, the phenomena associated with and the nature of "survey error" is explored.

Catalogue: ESOMAR Teach-In Seminar 1995: All You Ever Wanted To Know About Sampling, Statistics And Questionnaires
Author: Neil Higgs
February 14, 1995
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Citation

Higgs, N. (1995a, February 14). Sampling errors. ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved April 03, 2026, from


https://ana.esomar.org/documents/sampling-errors


Research papers

How to determine the size of a sample

How should I decide on the sample size for a survey? That is a question often posed by survey researchers to statisticians. It is difficult to answer simply as in market research we carry out surveys which more often than not carry a large number of...

Catalogue: ESOMAR Teach-In Seminar 1995: All You Ever Wanted To Know About Sampling, Statistics And Questionnaires
Author: Paul Harris
February 14, 1995
×

Citation

Harris, P. (1995a, February 14). How to determine the size of a sample . ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved April 03, 2026, from


https://ana.esomar.org/documents/how-to-determine-the-size-of-a-sample-


Research papers

Automatic interaction detector (AID) and CHAID

In this technique we are interested how one key variable relates to other survey variables. The technique of AID is particularly useful when applied to survey tabulations. Let us suppose that we have interviewed 1,000 smokers and asked them. How many...

Catalogue: ESOMAR Teach-In Seminar 1995: All You Ever Wanted To Know About Sampling, Statistics And Questionnaires
Author: Paul Harris
February 14, 1995
×

Citation

Harris, P. (1995a, February 14). Automatic interaction detector (AID) and CHAID. ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved April 03, 2026, from


https://ana.esomar.org/documents/automatic-interaction-detector-aid-and-chaid


Research papers

Discriminant analysis

Discriminant Analysis Models are very similar to regression models, but differ in one important respect. In Discriminant Analysis the key variable of interest Y is now categorised (eg, Buyer = 1, Non-buyer = 0) rather than being continuous like...

Catalogue: ESOMAR Teach-In Seminar 1995: All You Ever Wanted To Know About Sampling, Statistics And Questionnaires
Author: Paul Harris
February 14, 1995
×

Citation

Harris, P. (1995a, February 14). Discriminant analysis . ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved April 03, 2026, from


https://ana.esomar.org/documents/discriminant-analysis-