The debate globally has centred recently on immediate sales effects (and Persuasion Shift pre testing) in preference to maintenance or theme advertising whose effects, we believe, are often seriously under-estimated. The paper first contrasts different advertising mechanisms, spanning a continuum from immediate to longer term effects. It is these delayed effects that are difficult to measure and therefore, often underestimated - yet which hold the key to long term brand profitability. These observations have profound implications for the expectations of the advertiser. We go on to explain the role of advertising as a multiplier in leveraging the influence of other elements of the marketing mix. Given that delayed effects do exist, triggered by actual experience of the brand, ad associations need to be lodged in long term memory. This leads us onto a discussion of the critical role of creativity in advertising. We then discuss the implications both in pre-testing and especially, in evaluating on-air effectiveness of advertising. The paper concludes with an illustration of some of our observations from the Brazilian yellow fats market. If the full continuum of advertising effects is not appreciated, the pressure for hard sell advertising with immediate results will become ever greater. Tools are now available for enhanced decision making founded upon a real appreciation of how advertising works for individual brands in individual markets.
The introduction shows that television has a higher share of ad spend in Latin America than in any other part of the world. This leads to an even higher share of television in the media research budgets. The following parts review the introduction and development of television and pay-tv in Latin America, emphasising the recent wave of privatisation of the medium. The last section deals with the dramatic changes going on in television audience measurement in Latin America and proposes a joint effort towards harmonisation of television audience measurement systems, following the European model.
Latin American countries have in common their cultural background, characterized by the strong influence of the European immigrants upon the local pre-Colombian civilizations. They have also shared very similar paths in modern history, which have resulted in similar political and economical stages of development. These factors establish a unique condition of a continent with homogeneous roots and values. The focus of this study is to verify to what extent the actual similarities among the population of the different Latin American countries result in a sufficient homogeneity that would allow, or even suggest, the use of a unique communication language, leading to an overall advertising strategy. In marketing studies, however, when Latin America is investigated, few are the analyses that deal with the continent as a whole. Different sources and methodologies limit the possibilities of getting comparative data or a conclusive overall picture of the Continent. The present study, made possible by a joint effort of a group of companies associated to LATINPANEL, aims to obtain a general profile of the communication industry in Latin America, with special focus on Television as the most important mass medium. The study will also look at viewing behaviour throughout Latin America.
Latin American countries have in common their cultural background, characterized by the strong influence of the European immigrants upon the local pre-Colombian civilizations. They have also shared very similar paths in modern history, which have resulted in similar political and economical stages of development. These factors establish a unique condition of a continent with homogeneous roots and values. The focus of this study is to verify to what extent the actual similarities among the population of the different Latin American countries result in a sufficient homogeneity that would allow, or even suggest, the use of a unique communication language, leading to an overall advertising strategy. In marketing studies, however, when Latin America is investigated, few are the analyses that deal with the continent as a whole. Different sources and methodologies limit the possibilities of getting comparative data or a conclusive overall picture of the Continent. The present study, made possible by a joint effort of a group of companies associated to LATINPANEL, aims to obtain a general profile of the communication industry in Latin America, with special focus on Television as the most important mass medium. The study will also look at viewing behaviour throughout Latin America.
Television plays an important role in this country, as a mass communication medium, as the incidence of TV sets is around 80% of homes in Brazil, going and up to 95 % in the main urban centers. On the other hand, the distribution of wealth in Brazil is such that the consumption of most products is highly concentrated in the upper levels of the population. In consequence, the behaviour of the upper socio-economic classes is very important in marketing and advertising decisions. This paper examines differences in TV watching behaviour and their relation to social-economic aspects. Special emphasis is given to the influence of new devices and equipment that are related to the habits of TV viewing, such as the use of remote control, video-cassette recorders, etc. Data are based on the initial phase of "peoplemeters" in Brazil, in replacement of set-meters and diaries. This phase started in the Metropolitan Sao Paulo area (the most important economic area of the country) with a sample of 234 households, which will be expanded to 600 households in 1991. In consequence, while we dispose of reliable information of overall household TV audience, the individual data are currently based on too small a sample to allow conclusive analysis. All the analysis are based on a 2 week period, from February 18th to March 3rd, 1991.
This paper shows the construction of a questionnaire designed to overcome the limitations of simple reliance on declared voting intention for predictive purposes in elections characterised by close competition, presence of controversial candidates, emergence of new political forces or large numbers of undecided voters close to election day.